Birthmarks are common skin marks that often appear at birth or shortly after. Among these, vascular birthmarks are a unique type caused by abnormal blood vessel formations. While many vascular birthmarks are harmless, others may require medical attention. For parents of newborns or anyone concerned about their skin, understanding vascular birthmarks is crucial.
Here are some common types of vascular birthmarks. We will also discuss when you should consult a dermatologist and how treatments can address these conditions effectively.
What Are Vascular Birthmarks
Vascular birthmarks are skin discolorations or growths resulting from blood vessels that have not formed properly. They vary in size, color, and appearance. Some are small and unnoticeable, while others are more prominent and may affect the skin’s function or appearance. These marks often appear at birth or within the first few weeks of life, but some can develop later.
Most birthmarks pose no risk of becoming cancerous. However, while vascular birthmarks are generally not a cause for concern, they should be evaluated by a specialist and monitored regularly. A rare type of birthmark, known as a giant congenital melanocytic naevus, carries a small risk of developing into melanoma, particularly those larger than 20cm.
Health professionals strongly advise monitoring all birthmarks regularly for any noticeable changes. Changes in their size, shape, or color could indicate underlying concerns, warranting medical attention.
Why Early Detection Matters
Early detection means identifying any potential issues with a vascular birthmark before they develop further. Discussing birthmarks with a pediatrician or dermatologist ensures accurate diagnosis and timely treatment if needed.
Types of Vascular Birthmarks
Broadly, vascular birthmarks fall into two main categories. Understanding their differences is key to knowing how to manage them.
Hemangiomas
Hemangiomas are the most common type of vascular birthmark, affecting approximately 10% of babies. These non-cancerous tissue growths often look like flat, bright red patches (sometimes called “strawberry marks”) that develop into spongy, rubbery bumps. During your child’s first year, the red mark may grow rapidly, before entering a rest phase. After this, the hemangioma will begin to slowly go away. Many hemangiomas fade away completely by age 5-10.
Causes and Characteristics
- Caused by excessive and rapidly growing blood vessels that develop into a dense clump
- Typically appears within the first weeks of life
- May grow quickly before stabilizing and often shrink over time
Potential Complications
Though typically harmless, larger hemangiomas near the eyes, nose, or mouth may interfere with vital functions like vision or breathing. These cases often require medical attention.
Vascular Malformations
Vascular malformations include nevus simplex, more commonly known as salmon patches, and nevus flammeus, or port wine stains.
Salmon Patches
Salmon patches are characterized by pink or red marks. They can appear anywhere on the body but are often located on the forehead, nose, upper lip, or eyelids (known as angel kisses) or on the back of the neck (known as stork bites). They usually fade with age.
Port Wine Stains
It is estimated that 3 in 1,000 babies are born with a port wine stain. Port wine stains are flat discolorations ranging from pink to deep red or purple. Unlike salmon patches, these birthmarks do not typically fade over time and may grow darker or thicker with age. Depending on their location, they may require treatment. Port wine stains involving areas on the face, such as the eyelid, may cause eye problems and be associated with other developmental disorders. They can also have a significant impact on a child’s self-esteem and social development.
Causes and Characteristics of Vascular Malformations
- Result from capillaries not forming properly
- Most appear on the face, neck, arms, or legs
- Some persist throughout life
Potential Complications
Port wine stains carry a higher risk of complications, including skin thickening or bleeding. In some cases, they may be associated with underlying conditions like Sturge-Weber syndrome. These stains often require specialized care from a dermatologist.
When to See a Dermatologist
Parents may wonder whether a vascular birthmark needs medical attention. While many marks are harmless and require no intervention, others may benefit from professional evaluation and treatment.
Common Misconceptions
Many people believe birthmarks rarely cause problems. However, some vascular birthmarks may signal other health conditions or lead to complications as a child grows and develops. Speaking to a dermatologist ensures peace of mind and an accurate assessment.
Clear Signs to Seek Help
- Rapid Growth: If a birthmark grows quickly in size or changes in shape, consult a dermatologist
- Location Matters: Birthmarks near the eyes, mouth, nose, or other sensitive areas may interfere with normal function
- Texture Changes: Thickening, firmness, or bleeding are warning signs to address
- Persistent Discomfort: If a birthmark is itchy, painful, or affects movement, seek professional guidance
A qualified dermatologist can help determine whether treatment is necessary and discuss available options tailored to each individual’s needs.
Treatment Options for Vascular Birthmarks
Not every vascular birthmark needs treatment, but for those that do, several effective options exist. Advances in dermatology provide non-invasive and minimally invasive solutions.
Observation
For smaller, harmless marks, dermatologists may recommend monitoring the birthmark over time. Regular checkups ensure that any changes are noted early.
Medical Treatments
- Laser Therapy: Commonly used for port wine stains, lasers can shrink blood vessels, helping to lighten the discoloration and reduce thickening over time
- Medications: Oral or topical treatments may be used to shrink certain types of hemangiomas
Surgical Options
For more complex cases, surgical removal may be considered. This is typically reserved for birthmarks that do not respond to other treatments or those with significant functional or aesthetic concerns.
Self-Care
Some vascular birthmarks can cause the skin to become dry or broken, increasing the risk of complications. It is important to gently clean the area (using water and mild soap) and keep it well moisturized.
Best Dermatologist in Coral Gables and Miami, FL
If you are looking for professional care for a vascular birthmark, consider visiting the Children’s Skin Center. Dr. Duarte is a world-renowned Pediatric Dermatologist who specializes in vascular birthmarks, including port wine stains and hemangiomas.
We provide comprehensive dermatological care to both children and adults. We offer a wide range of innovative treatments tailored to your unique needs.
Schedule a consultation with the Children’s Skin Center today for expert care and peace of mind. With multiple offices, including Miami, Coral Gables, and Miramar, accessing South Florida’s top dermatology specialists has never been easier. Call or text us at (305) 669-6555 to book your appointment now. We welcome your call!
